The ocean, or the blue economy, is a vital source of income, food, and energy for billions of people, as well as a key ally in the fight against climate change. However, the ocean is also facing unprecedented threats from rising temperatures, acidification, sea level rise, extreme weather, and overexploitation.

The article reports on a recent U.S. Senate hearing that featured testimonies from experts and stakeholders on the challenges and opportunities of the blue economy in a changing climate. The hearing was convened by Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I., who is a co-chair of the Senate Oceans Caucus and a vocal advocate for ocean conservation. The witnesses included representatives from the fishing, tourism, and renewable energy sectors, as well as scientists and environmentalists.

The main message of the hearing was that the blue economy is at risk of losing its economic and ecological value if the current trends of climate change are not reversed. There are several examples of how climate change is already affecting the ocean and its industries, such as:

• The Mississippi River, which transports about 60% of U.S. grain exports, is experiencing low water levels due to drought, affecting the navigation and profitability of ships.
• The global ocean temperature reached record highs for nine consecutive months in 2023, causing coral bleaching, fish migration, and marine heat waves that harm marine life and ecosystems.
• The Arctic sea ice and ice shelves are melting at an alarming rate, opening up new shipping routes and access to natural resources, but also posing security and environmental challenges.
• The ocean absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activities, making it more acidic and reducing its ability to support shellfish, corals, and other calcifying organisms.

Potential solutions and opportunities within the blue economy to mitigate and adapt to climate change are numerous and varied. These include:

• Investing in nature-based solutions, such as restoring coastal wetlands, mangroves, and seagrasses, that can sequester carbon, protect shorelines, and enhance biodiversity.
• Developing offshore renewable energy, such as wind, wave, and tidal power, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create jobs and revenue.
• Promoting sustainable fishing and aquaculture, such as using selective gear, enforcing catch limits, and adopting best practices,  can ensure food security and livelihoods for millions of people.
• Enhancing ocean governance, such as establishing marine protected areas, regulating deep-sea mining, and implementing the High Seas Treaty, can foster cooperation and stewardship of the global commons.

The article concludes by urging the U.S. government and the international community to take action to protect the blue economy and the ocean from the threats of climate change. Quoting Sen. Whitehouse, who said: “We have to wake up. We have to act. And we have to lead.”