At one time biofuels were hailed as the solution, but as Anna Krajinska from the Brussels-based cleaner-transport campaign Transport & Environment points out, there just isn’t enough capacity, particularly with growing pressures on food production. ‘If we then scale up the use of those crops, for production of fuels for shipping or aviation, that situation is only going to get worse [and] when you take into account the additional indirect carbon dioxide emissions, from land use change, for example, [biofuels are] no better for the environment than using fossil-based fuels.’

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